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June 13, 2005

Prominent Historian Charged With Plagiarism. Will There Be Consequences?

B
rian LeBeau, a prominent American historian and the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, today stands accused of a significant act of plagiarism. (The linked story is from the Chronicle of Higher Education, and requires a subscription for viewing.)

How did it come to light? Google. A few weeks back, while doing some reseach, my friend and colleage Sally Greene googled a phrase from a work by Hegel. She found the phrase in a 1993 commencement address by Cornel West. And then she found it in a 2003 commencement address by LeBeau.

But that's not all she found. It turns out that big pieces of West's 1993 speech had been picked up and plunked down pretty much whole in LeBeau's. Read the two speeches yourself, and do your own comparison: West's speech. LeBeau's speech.

Sally, who knows a thing or two about literary theory and close textual analysis, has posted an analysis of LeBeau's "borrowing" on her blog this afternoon, and it's a must-read. Her point--and it's a perceptive one--is that LeBeau, who is white, ended up having to make small changes to West's words that drained much of the power out of the original speech:

To study the texts side by side is a fascinating exercise. What's remarkable is not just the sameness: there's a remarkable difference as well. West's speech comes from a position of authority as a black American intellectual. This is a position LeBeau, who is white, cannot claim, nor does he attempt to. Rather, he drains the color out of West's speech so that, in the end, it is not so much an appropriation--though it is that--as a misappropriation, a watering down and a flattening out of a message that had its own particular power and edge.

What intrigues me, at this point, is the question of consequences. Back in December, the Chronicle of Higher Education published a on plagiarism in academia, and the articles in that report make clear that even well-documented charges of plagiarism against prominent academics often founder.

This is, of course, deeply ironic. If you're a student in Professor LeBeau's "Religion in America" course, you are warned as follows:

Students found to cheat on an exam, plagiarize their written work, or in any other way misappropriate the intellectual property of others will receive penalties ranging from a failed grade for that exercise to failure for the entire course and notification of designated university officials depending on the severity of the violation.

Professor LeBeau's home department at UMKC, the History Department, announces the following Policy in Regard to Allegations of Research Dishonesty":
Plagiarism is an inexcusable act in the view of the History faculty. Any student guilty thereof will be liable to expulsion from the program. A detailed statement by the faculty is available in the history office. Research dishonesty refers to any conduct that is intended to mislead or communicate false research data or results, or which communicates such data or results in reckless disregard of their false or misleading character.

Illustrations of research dishonesty include, but are not limited to, the following:
• False or misleading statements or publications concerning research data or results;
• Intentional or reckless distortion of misinterpretation of research data or results;
• Use of research methods which the researcher knows to be unreliable or which produce erroneous results, unless appropriately explained in publications and reports of the research;
• Release of research date or scholarly efforts of other persons, and representing them as one’s own or failing to give appropriate credit to their sources; or
• Misuse of the work of others or misrepresentation of authorship as that of the student.


It will be interesting to see how the University of Missouri at Kansas City reacts to the allegations against Dean LeBeau. Will the university take them as seriously as it would take charges of plagiarism by one of the dean's students?

Posted by Eric at June 13, 2005 2:39 PM

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Comments

I'm not sure what to think about the first comment above. Part of it sounds like she's joking, but part of it doesn't. This guy should be fired. No matter how you look at it, he is academically dishonest and can't be trusted. I wouldn't take a class from him, nor would I attend a school that would knowingly keep someone who does such things on staff. What are students supposed to learn from somone like this?? At Carolina, even lying to a teacher is a violation of the honor code.

Posted by: MacKenzie at June 13, 2005 6:39 PM

In my department (History Dept at a UNC constituent institution) we have defined plagiarism to include much more than just the improper use of someone's else's written work. You really have to, or creative students will try to find a way to wiggle out. According to our rules, LeBeau would be toast.

I am no lawyer, but intellectual property rights and copyright law include speeches (MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech--written and recorded--is under copyright law ). Similar standards should apply to university level work.

Posted by: Glen Bowman at June 13, 2005 8:50 PM

If I were UMKC, I'd ask for my money back: if there was a speaker's fee involved, he might be in violation of contract, or Cornell West might have grounds for action (I'm not a lawyer, obviously)

Re: oral v. written theft: If all he had done was give the speech, then there'd be no problem. No, he put it online in searchable text form: that's how he got caught. He published it on the web.

Posted by: Jonathan Dresner at June 13, 2005 11:11 PM

Marietta has done an excellent job of poking fun at the postmodern view of truth, honor and accountability.
An assertion that we should hold others to no standard higher than the worst that we accuse others of is classic.
Bravo.

Posted by: mikem at June 13, 2005 11:43 PM

I published an op-ed in the Boston Globe on this subject this February. In it I called for academic publishers to shun known plagiarists; publishers, I wrote, have a stake in ensuring honesty among their authors. This speech is not published by an university press, but the incident might prompt others to discover instances of plagiarism among LeBeau's academic writings. Since plagiarism is often a habit, it's possible that he's cut corners elsewhere.

Posted by: David Kellogg at June 14, 2005 9:12 AM

Thanks for the heads up on this, Eric. We've reported the story at Cliopatria, a history blog where Bryan Le Beau is well known. But I'd like to know what your answer to your question should be. There have been, ah, less than severe consequences for distinguished plagiarists in the law school at Harvard and I've seen rationalizations for that suggesting that, in the law, there's no need -- indeed there's risk -- to re-inventing rhetorical wheels in the law. On one level, I understand that kind of argument: the way a legal tradition replicates itself is by the replication of argument and citation. That kind of rationale also holds for the pulpit. But the distinguished plagiarists at Harvard were not issuing judicial opinions. They were producing academic texts. I'm not arguing that Le Beau should face no consequences, but I am asking if the Harvard cases don't show that some academic people reach a level of being beyond the law and it's just odd that they should happen to be the lawyers.

Posted by: Ralph Luker at June 14, 2005 9:31 AM

Ralph, you're quite right. In my view the Harvard folks got off too easy. I wonder, though, whether it's accurate to say that the system treats lawyer plagiarists more leniently than others. It seems to me--as argued in the series on plagiarism that the Chronicle ran last December--that *most* instances of plagiarism by academics of all stripes end up getting treated too lightly. When students plagiarize, there is a system of university sanctions to deal with it, and the sanctions have real bite. There is no comparable system of enforcement for academics who plagiarize.

What's more, when academics plagiarize, there is inevitably a great deal of concern (voiced and unvoiced) about a potentially devastating impact of the allegation on the career of the person charged; when a student plagiarizes, we never hear such worries (except, typically, from the student him- or herself, and we usually respond by saying that the student brought the problem on him- or herself).

In short, by pointing to the Harvard cases, I think you're really just identifying one somewhat exaggerated facet of a much larger problem.

Posted by: Eric at June 14, 2005 10:52 AM

Another prominant historian goes unreprimanded

RALPH E. LUKER: Khalidi Accused ...
Just within the last 24 hours, accusations of plagiarism against Rashid Khalidi, Columbia University's Edward Said Professor of Modern Arab Studies and Literature, have appeared on the net. The accusations seem first to have appeared yesterday in "Rashid Khalidi ... A Case of Plagiarism?" on Solomonia.com, a pseudonymous blog…

Update: After examining the evidence presented at Solomonia.com, I believe that: 1) the author of "Jerusalem: A Concise History" crossed the line of acceptable paraphrase from Kamil Jamil el Asali, "Jerusalem in History: Notes on the Origins of the City and Its Traditions of Tolerance," Arab Studies Quarterly, XVI (Fall 1994); and 2) the implicit evidence of a crude cover-up, as indicated by this ascription of authorship compared with the Wayback Machine's recovery of prior ascription, is additionally damaging.
http://hnn.us/blogs/comments/12361.html

Posted by: Ann at June 15, 2005 7:23 AM

In our "American" legal system are there consequences for plagiarism? Is it considered a criminal act or would it depend on the circumstance in which it is used?

thanks,
Jacob

Posted by: Jacob at January 6, 2006 3:46 PM